Ductile Iron ( Spheroidal Graphite Iron) – Properties, Grades & Manufacturing
All you need to know about Ductile Iron (spheroidal graphite iron or nodular iron) to explore our casting technologies below. Our company covers a wide range of casting technologies, from traditional sand casting to high-precision investment casting and advanced die casting solutions.
What is Ductile Iron
Ductile iron, also named as spheroidal graphite (SG) iron or nodular iron, because the graphite is in the form of small spheres or nodules. By adding magnesium to the molten metal under controlled condition, the graphite structure becomes spherical or nodular. Ductile iron is preferred since it’s also describes one of its characteristics, it shows significant improvement in mechanical properties compared with gray iron.
How to produce Ductile Iron
Different casting methods are selected based on part size, weight, and production volume.
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Key Properties of Ductile Iron
The ductile iron “bridged the gap” between grey iron and steel, it can offer the processing advantages of gray iron and combine the many of engineering advantages of steel.
International Ductile Iron Grade Comparison
Below is a global comparison of ductile iron grades. This table shows cross-standard equivalence of ductile iron grades worldwide.
| Index | Country / Standard | 400-15 | 400-18 | 450-10 | 500-7 | 600-3 | 700-2 | 800-2 | 900-2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | China (GB) | QT400-15 | QT400-18 | QT450-10 | QT500-7 | QT600-3 | QT700-2 | QT800-2 | QT900-2 |
| 2 | Japan (JIS) | FCD400 | — | FCD450 | FCD500 | FCD600 | FCD700 | FCD800 | — |
| 3 | USA (ASTM A536) | 60-42-10 | 60-40-18 | 65-45-12 | 70-50-05 | 80-60-03 | 100-70-03 | — | 120-90-02 |
| 4 | Russia (GOST) | BЧ40 | — | BЧ45 | BЧ50 | BЧ60 | BЧ70 | BЧ80 | BЧ100 |
| 5 | Germany (DIN) | GGG40 | — | — | GGG50 | GGG60 | GGG70 | GGG80 | — |
| 6 | Italy (UNI) | — | GS370-17 | GS400-12 | GS500-7 | GS600-2 | GS700-2 | GS800-2 | — |
| 7 | France (NF) | FGS400-15 | FGS400-18 | FGS450-10 | FGS500-7 | FGS600-3 | FGS700-2 | FGS800-2 | FGS900-2 |
| 8 | UK (BS) | — | 400/18 | 450/10 | 500/7 | 600/3 | 700/2 | 800/2 | 900/2 |
| 9 | Poland (PN) | — | ZS3817 | ZS4012 | ZS4505/5002 | ZS6002 | ZS7002 | ZS8002 | ZS9002 |
| 10 | India (IS) | — | SG370/17 | SG400/12 | SG500/7 | SG600/3 | SG700/2 | SG800/2 | — |
| 11 | Romania (STAS) | — | — | — | — | — | FGN70-3 | — | — |
| 12 | Spain (UNE) | — | FGE38-17 | FGE42-12 | FGE50-7 | FGE60-2 | FGE70-2 | FGE80-2 | — |
| 13 | Belgium (NBN) | — | FNG38-17 | FNG42-12 | FNG50-7 | FNG60-2 | FNG70-2 | FNG80-2 | — |
| 14 | Australia (AS) | — | 300-17 | 400-12 | 500-7 | 600-3 | 700-2 | 800-2 | — |
| 15 | Sweden (SS) | — | 0717-02 | — | 0727-02 | 0732-03 | 0737-01 | 0864-03 | — |
| 16 | Hungary (MSZ) | — | GǒV38 | GǒV40 | GǒV50 | GǒV60 | GǒV70 | — | — |
| 17 | Bulgaria | 400-12 | 380-17 | 450-5 | 500-2 | 600-2 | 700-2 | 800-2 | 900-2 |
| 18 | ISO | 400-15 | 400-18 | 450-10 | 500-7 | 600-3 | 700-2 | 800-2 | 900-2 |
| 19 | COPANT | — | — | FMNP45007 | FMNP55005 | FMNP65003 | FMNP70002 | — | — |
| 20 | Finland (SFS) | — | GRP400 | — | GRP500 | GRP600 | GRP700 | GRP800 | — |
| 21 | Netherlands (NEN) | — | GN38 | GN42 | GN50 | GN60 | GN70 | — | — |
| 22 | Luxembourg | — | FNG38-17 | FNG42-12 | FNG50-7 | FNG60-2 | FNG70-2 | FNG80-2 | — |
| 23 | Austria (ÖNORM) | — | SG38 | SG42 | SG50 | SG60 | SG70 | — | — |
| 24 | EN (European Standard) | EN-GJS-400-15 | EN-GJS-400-18 | EN-GJS-450-10 | EN-GJS-500-7 | EN-GJS-600-3 | EN-GJS-700-2 | EN-GJS-800-2 | EN-GJS-900-2 |
Ductile Iron Grade Details
To understand the detailed chemistry and machanical property in each standard, Click each grade to view detailed mechanical properties and applications.
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Austempered Ductile Iron ASTM A897
Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI) in ASTM A897
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Automotive Ductile Iron SAE J434
Automotive Ductile (Nodular) Iron in SAE J434
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Austenitic Ductile Iron ASTM A439
Austenitic Ductile Iron: A439 Type D-2 ,A439 Type D-2B ,A439 Type D-2C ,A439 Type D-3, A439 Type D-3A ,A439 Type D-4 ,A439 Type D-5 ,A439 Type D-5B, A439 Type D-5S
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Ductile Iron in ASTM A536
Ductile iron grades in ASTM A536: Gr 60-40-18, Gr 65-45-12, Gr 80-55-06, Gr 100-70-03, Gr 120-90-02,Gr 60-42-10,Gr 70-50-05,Gr 80-60-03
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Ductile Iron in DIN 1693
GGG40, GGG50, GGG60, GGG70, GGG80, GGG-35.3,GGG-40.3 in Din 1693
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Low Temperature Impact Resistant Ductile Cast Iron 400-18LT
Ductile Iron EN-GJS-400-18 is in standard EN1563: 2011, it has EN-GJS-400-18 LT, EN-GJS-400-18 RT and EN-GJS-400-18.
Ductile Iron Application
Casting components are essential across many industries. Our suppliers support a wide range of applications with customized manufacturing solutions.
- Ductile iron pipe and fittings for water industry
- Machinery parts. Automobile industry, Gear, Turbine industry
- Building industry
- Pump casing
- Valve body/disc, butterfly valve, gate valve, strainer and etc.
- Manhole cover
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